Make the tangzhong by whisking 1/4 cup flour and 3/4 cup water together in a small saucepan until smooth.
Cook the tangzhong over medium heat, whisking constantly, until it thickens into a paste, about 4 to 5 minutes, then transfer to a bowl and let cool slightly.
In the bowl of a stand mixer, whisk together 3 1/2 cups flour, 1/3 cup granulated sugar, instant yeast, and 3/4 teaspoon fine sea salt.
Add the heavy cream, whole milk, egg, vanilla, and cooled tangzhong to the dry ingredients and mix with the dough hook on low speed until a rough dough ball forms, about 2 minutes.
With the mixer running on low, add 6 tablespoons softened butter one tablespoon at a time, letting each addition fully incorporate before adding more.
Continue kneading the dough on low speed until it becomes smooth, elastic, and slightly tacky, about 11 to 12 minutes.
Add 1/2 cup mini chocolate chips and knead just until they are evenly distributed throughout the dough.
Shape the dough into a smooth ball, place it back into the mixing bowl, cover tightly with plastic wrap, and let rest at room temperature for 30 minutes.
While the dough rests, make the cookie dough filling by beating 8 tablespoons butter, brown sugar, and 1/8 cup granulated sugar together in a bowl until light and creamy, about 3 minutes.
Beat in the egg and vanilla bean paste until fully combined and smooth.
Add 1 1/4 cups flour, 1/2 teaspoon salt, and baking powder to the bowl and mix just until a soft dough forms.
Fold in the semi-sweet chocolate chips and 1/2 cup mini chocolate chips until evenly distributed and set the cookie dough aside.
Lightly flour your work surface and roll the rested dough into a 15 by 21 inch rectangle with the long side facing you.
Evenly spread the cookie dough filling over the dough rectangle, leaving a 1 inch clean border along the top long edge.
Sprinkle any remaining chocolate chips from the filling over the surface and gently press them into the cookie dough with your hands.
Use a pizza cutter or sharp knife to cut the rectangle into twelve 1 3/4 inch wide strips along the short side.
Roll each strip into a tight spiral, rolling away from you, to form individual rolls.
Transfer the rolls, cut side up, into a buttered or parchment-lined 9 by 13 inch baking pan, spacing them evenly.
Cover the pan with plastic wrap and let the rolls rise at room temperature until doubled in size and puffy, about 1 hour.
Near the end of the rise time, preheat the oven to 325°F.
Bake the risen rolls for 30 to 40 minutes, until the tops are golden brown and an instant-read thermometer inserted at an angle into the center roll reaches 170°F.
While the rolls bake, make the glaze by beating 4 tablespoons butter and the cold cream cheese together in a bowl until completely smooth.
Add the powdered sugar and mix until no dry streaks remain, then whisk in the heavy cream and vanilla until the glaze is smooth and pourable.
Transfer the baked rolls in the pan to a wire rack and let cool for 15 to 20 minutes.
Spread or drizzle the glaze evenly over the warm rolls, then serve while still slightly warm.